In some cases, additional hose ports can be added to a hookah through the use of hose adapters.
Egyptian bowls are typically made of coal, and feature a bowl-shaped top, with five or so holes in the bottom that allow smoke to pass down into the stem.
The preloading force must be designed and assembled carefully, because it deducts from the axial force capacity of the bearings, and can damage bearings if applied excessively.
They are broadly classified into two types: Active and passive magnetic bearings.
The door cannot be lifted or removed from its place.
Rinsing a hot hookah bowl with cold water will create micro-fractures in the clay or outright shatter the bowl.
Persian qalyan is included in the earliest European compendium on tobacco, the tobacologia written by Johan Neander and published in Dutch in 1622.
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